Soil
Tests Explained
Brian Jervis: Ask a Master Gardener
Tuesday, November 7, 2017
Q: I’ve heard people say that it is
impossible to know what kind of fertilizer and how much to use if you don’t
know the chemistry of your soil. Is this true? RD
A:
The short answer to
this question is yes, and, fortunately, we have an easy, cost effective way for
you to test your soil chemistry.
The best way to understand how soil chemistry
works is through an analogy. Assume we didn’t have the ability to measure the
levels of gas or oil in our automobiles. If this were the case, we might just
decide to add $10 worth of gas and a quart of oil whenever we went to the gas
station. However, if we took this approach, we may not have enough gas to get
to our destination and are quickly going to have oil all over our engine.
In this analogy, nitrogen is like the gas for
our cars while phosphorus and potassium are like the oil. Nitrogen is the
primary nutrient that fuels plant growth and gets consumed in the process.
Phosphorus and potassium are similar to the oil in our analogy in that they do
not get consumed to the same degree, but appropriate levels of these elements
are necessary for effective nutrient absorption. A soil test is the gauge we
need to assess the levels of these nutrients in our soil.
To perform a soil test, you will need
something to collect your samples with and a bucket. We recommend you get
between 15 to 20 samples of soil from locations scattered throughout your yard.
Each individual sample does not need to be large but needs to go to a depth of
about 6 inches. A bulb-planting device works well to gather these individual
samples.
Once you have your samples in a bucket, mix
them up and remove any sticks or debris. From this mixture of soil, bring a
representative sample to the OSU Extension office. We will only need about a
sandwich bag-sized amount of soil for your test.
When we receive your soil sample, we will send
it to the Soil Science Lab at Oklahoma State University for analysis, and
within two weeks, you should receive the results. Your results will contain the
levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found in your soil, along with the
pH level. Included will be a recommendation on the nutrients you need to add
and how much, along with recommendations on perhaps the nutrients you need to
stop adding.
The test has a cost of $10, but in all
likelihood, it will be the best $10 you have ever spent on your lawn or garden.
If you want to test a smaller garden or flowerbed, this will require a separate
test, as those environments would be unique from your lawn. The same
instructions would apply.
Garden tips
·
Leftover garden seeds
can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer until
next planting season. Discard seeds more than 3 years old.
·
The garden centers
still have large selections of spring-blooming bulbs for sale. If you intend to
plant bulbs, buy them and plant soon. Tulips can still be successfully planted
through the middle of November.
·
Be sure to keep leaves
off newly seeded fescue. The sprouts will die without sun and air
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